John Brown, an Early Black Settler in the Queen's Bush Settlement,
​Wellesley Township  

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​John Brown (born about  1816) was a runaway slave from Virginia.  He met his wife Lucinda Green (born free in about 1818) as he travelled through Pennsylvania on his way to Canada. Before settling in Wellesley Township, the couple lived near Windsor and St. Catharines and started a family.  Five children where born then, and six more were born in Wellesley Township.

In her book The Queen’s Bush Settlement , Black Pioneers 1839-1865, Linda Kubisch-Brown reports that the  family arrived in 1843. However their name does not appear on the Walker Survey of the township completed in 1843.







​​​The 1851 census records eight families, about 50 people, who identified as Negro or African in Wellesley Township. The Brown family consisted of parents and 8 children living together. Their son Daniel (born in 1836) was not living with the family at the time of the 1851 census as he was living in Hawkesville, employed as a coachman by general merchant Michael Peter Empey.  

​​Name                      Age            Approximate Year of Birth
John Brown              35                  1816
Lucinda                    25*                 1818
Sarah                       16                   1835
George                     14                   1837
Nathan                      10                   1841
Dorothy Elizabeth       9                   1842
Charlotte                     6                   1845
Hannah                       4                   1847
Alice                            3                   1848
Susan                          2                   1849

*error in Lucinda’s age

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Click on the image to access the 1861 Tremaine map of Waterloo County

John Brown appears as a landowner on the 1861 Tremaine map of the township, Lot 19, Concession XIV (Western Section). 

​Several other Black families lived on nearby lots in the northern part of Wellesley Township . Many others (documented in Brown-Kubsich’s book) lived in the southernmost part of Peel Township.
​
In the 1861 census, Daniel is living with the family.

Name                   Age           Approximate Year of Birth
John Brown           45               1816
Lucinda                  43               1818
Daniel                    20                1836
Nathan                    *                 1841
Charlotte                 *                 1845
Hannah                   *                 1847
Susan                     *                 1849
Feley [Ophelia]       *                1854
James                     *                1857
*Age not visible on census form


1871 census
Name                   Age    Approximate Year of Birth
John Brown           57*               1814
Lucinda                 45*               1826
Charlotte               26                1845
Ophilia                  17                1854
James                   14                1857
Henry Pope**        11                1860
Susan Pope**         3                1868
George Pope**       8                 1863

*error
** possibly grandchildren

The 1871 Tax Assessment Roll shows the family living on Lot 19 Concession XIV. There were 12 people in the family. John Brown was listed as the owner of 120 acres and owned 1 cow and 1 horse.

Keith Bell, Daniel Brown's Great-Grandson Visits Wellesley

Keith Bell visits Lot 19, Concession XIV, September 18, 2019

In September 2019, Keith Bell. the great-grandson of Daniel Brown visited our Historical Room and several historic Black settlements and museums in southwestern Ontario. He was able to tell us “what happen next” to the Brown family. 
 
John Brown died on May 1, 1872. By then, Daniel Brown had returned to the USA, where he worked as a coachman and later chauffeur for a prominent businessman, Albert Emmett Kent in Chicago. When the Kent family moved west to California, Daniel went with them. There he married Grace Johnson and raised a family of eight children.  

​Daniel’s great-grandson, Keith Bell, was delighted to visit the land his family had settled on almost 180 years earlier

Keith created a video of his family’s journey from Virginia to the Queen’s Bush, his relationship with the Kent family in Chicago and life in California. It is called Mutual Respect. 
 
After his visit to Ontario, Keith created a video of his travels along his family’s route and that of other Black families.
A Visit to Freedom.  (If you want to focus on his visit to Wellesley, that occurs at about the 22 minute mark.)

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For more information:
In the early 1850s, the Canadian Anti-Slavery Society commissioned American abolitionist Benjamin Drew to visit Canada to interview escaped slaved from the United States. His book, The Refugee, Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada was re-published by Dundurn Press in 2008. The Brown family was not interviewed but other Wellesley families are included (pp 182-218)